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Dataset description and subject overview

The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Industrial Statistics Databases contain data broken down by country, industry and year for the following variables (units in brackets):

• number of establishments (number)
• employment (number)
• wages and salaries (current national currency and US dollars)
• output (current national currency and US dollars)
• value added (current prices, national currency and US dollars)
• gross fixed capital formation (current national currency and US dollars)
• number of female employees (number)
• index of industrial production (INDSTAT3 only) (1995 = 100)

All value data are presented in national currency and US dollar values at current prices. UNIDO converts the data from national currency into current U.S. dollars using the average period exchange rates as given in the IMF International Financial Statistics (IFS) under series rf.

The databanks are built around the International Standard Industries Classification (ISIC) code system, which classifies industry broadly along product lines (such as food, textiles, iron and steel). The ISIC code is covers all areas of economic activity but the UNIDO databanks only relate to the manufacturing section of the code. The code is organised hierarchically with each level containing an increasing level of detail. For example, manufacturing is subdivided into around 20 categories at the 2 digit level, 30 categories at the 3 digit level and 81 categories at the 4 digit level. ISIC levels beyond 4 have been discontinued. See the UN Statistical Divisions's Classifications Registry at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/default.asp?Lg=1 for further detailed information on ISIC code system.

UNIDO currently produces the following Industrial Statistics Databases:

1. INDSTAT4 - in this database, data are arranged at both 3 and 4-digit level of ISIC All Economic Activities Revision 3, and at the 4-digit level, Revision 2.
2. INDSTAT2 - in this database, data are arranged at the 2-digit level of ISIC All Economic Activities Revision 3. Data are presented in the same format as INDSTAT4, together with metadata information.

In previous years, UNIDO produced INDSTAT3, a database based on the 3-digit level, Revision 2 of the code but this database was discontinued by UNIDO in 2007 as countries moved to the newer revision of the code - ESDS International has maintained access to the last edition of this historical database (the 2006 release) in the Beyond 20/20 interface.

INDSTAT2 is derived from the two pre-existing databases INDSTAT3 Rev 2 (now discontinued) and INDSTAT4 by ISIC Rev2 and Rev3. INDSTAT2 2010 combines historical time series data from 1963 to 2008 for 161 countries and is the largest industrial statistics database of its kind. Unlike others presented by different classification standards for different time periods, INDSTAT2 provides data by a single classification standard for more than 40 years, which makes it particularly valuable for long-term structural analysis. As with INDSTAT4, INDSTAT2 presents data for seven principle indicators (number of establishments, employment, wages and salaries, output, value added, gross fixed capital formation and number of female employees).

Some countries report data for more than one ISIC sector combined. For example, Zambia reports data for beverages and tobacco together as a single sector. This is indicated in the database by a footnote number in brackets in the data cell. The footnote below the Beyond 20/20 table gives the corresponding ISIC combination code.

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Methodology

Four major sources have been used in compiling and cleaning the data contained in the UNIDO database. First, industry data reported in country questionnaires are included. National publications for industrial censuses, annual surveys and input-output tables are the second. Thirdly, international sources, both published and unpublished, have been used. Finally, a fourth source has been national data compiled by statisticians engaged by UNIDO to work in specific countries. Furthermore, the data have been supplemented with UNIDO estimates.

Data for OECD member countries are collected by OECD through OECD/UNIDO joint country questionnaires and provided to UNIDO for inclusion in the database. Please check the UN's Glossary of Classification Terms or see the standard concepts and definitions used in the UNIDO Industrial Statistics Databanks below:

For most countries and areas represented, the data shown relate to the activity of "establishments" in the specified industries rather than any other type of industrial unit. In a few cases, however, the concepts of "kind-of-activity unit", "local unit" or "enterprise" are found. An "establishment" is ideally a unit that engages, under a single ownership or control, in one, or predominantly one, kind of activity at a single location; for example, workshop or factory. A "kind-of-activity unit" differs from the establishment in that there is no restriction with respect to the geographical area in which a given kind of activity is carried out by a single legal entity. A "local unit", on the other hand, comprises all activities carried out under a single ownership or control at a single location and differs from the establishment-type of unit in that there is no restriction on the range of these activities. An "enterprise" is a legal entity possessing the right to conduct business in its own name; for example, to enter into contracts, own property, incur liability for debts, and establish bank accounts.

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Number of employees

The number of persons engaged is defined as the total number of persons who worked in or for the establishment during the reference year. However, home workers are excluded. The concept covers working proprietors, active business partners and unpaid family workers as well as employees. The figures reported refer normally to the average number of persons engaged during the reference year, obtained as the sum of the andquot;average number of employeesandquot; during the year and the total number of other persons engaged measured for a single period of the year. The number of employees is including all persons engaged other than working proprietors, active business partners and unpaid family workers.

Wages and salaries

Wages and salaries include all payments in cash or in kind paid to andquot;employeesandquot; during the reference year in relation to work done for the establishment. Payments include: (a) direct wages and salaries; (b) remuneration for time not worked; (c) bonuses and gratuities; (d) housing allowances and family allowances paid directly by the employer; and (e) payments in kind. Excluded are employers contributions in respect of their employees paid to social security, pension and insurance schemes, as well as the benefits received by employees under these schemes and severance and termination pay.

Output

The measure of output normally reported is the census concept, which covers only activities of an industrial nature. The value of census output in the case of estimates compiled on a production basis comprises: (a) the value of all products of the establishment; (b) the net change between the beginning and the end of the reference period in the value of work in progress and stocks of goods to be shipped in the same condition as received; (c) the value of industrial work done or industrial services rendered to others; (d) the value of goods shipped in the same condition as received less the amount paid for these goods; and (e) the value of fixed assets produced during the period by the unit for its own use. In the case of estimates compiled on a shipment basis, the net change in the value of stocks of finished goods between the beginning and the end of the reference period is also included. Gross output is equivalent to census output plus the revenue from activities of a non-industrial nature. Valuation may be in factor cost, excluding all indirect taxes falling on production and including all current subsidies received in support of production activity, or in producers' prices, including all indirect taxes and excluding all subsidies.

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Value added

The measure of value added normally reported is the census concept, which is defined as the value of census output less the value of census input, which covers: (a) value of materials and supplies for production (including cost of all fuel and purchased electricity); and (b) cost of industrial services received (mainly payments for contract and commission work and repair and maintenance work). If input estimates are compiled on a andquot;receivedandquot; rather than on a andquot;consumedandquot; basis, the resu&lt needs to be adjusted for the net change between the beginning and the end of the period in the value of stocks of materials, fuel and other supplies. Total value added is the national accounting concept. It is ideally represented by the contribution of the establishments in each branch of activity to the gross domestic product. For the measure of total value added, the cost of non -industrial services is deducted from and the receipts for non-industrial services are added to census value added. The estimates, whether in terms of census value added or total value added, may be gross of depreciation and other provisions for capital consumption. The valuation may be in factor cost or in producers' prices, depending on the treatment of indirect taxes and subsidies.

Gross fixed capital formation

Gross fixed capital formation refers to the value of purchases and own-account construction of fixed assets during the reference year less the value of corresponding sales. The fixed assets covered are those (whether new or used) with a productive life of one year or more. These assets, which are intended for the use of the establishment include fixed assets made by the establishment's own labour force for its own use. Major additions, alterations and improvements to existing assets which extend their normal economic life or raise their productivity are also included. New fixed assets include all those that have not been previously used in the country. Thus, newly imported fixed assets are considered new whether or not used before they were imported. Used fixed assets include all those that have been previously used within the country. Transactions in fixed assets include: (a) land; (b) buildings, other construction and land improvements; (c) transport equipment; and (d) machinery and other equipment. Assets acquired from others are valued at purchasers' prices, which cover all costs directly connected with the acquisition and installation of the items for use. In principle, assets produced on own account are also valued in this manner. However, it may frequently be necessary to value such own-account production at explicit cost, including any imputations that may be required in respect of the employed own account labour. Assets produced by one establishment of a multi-establishment enterprise for the use of another establishment of the same enterprise should be valued by the receiving establishment as though purchased from outside the enterprise. Sales of assets should be valued at the actual amounts realized rather than at book values.

Index numbers of industrial production

The indexes in the tables are compiled from national indexes that are calculated by use of the Laspeyres formula. The comparison base year is 1995. However, if different base years are used in any countries, the national indexes are converted to the comparison base year.

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UNIDO on Beyond 20/20

ESDS International's delivery software is Beyond 20/20 Web Data Server. UNIDO data has been loaded with the following footnote and missing value information:

Missing Values

Both '-' and '...' indicate that no data is available.

Footnotes

Numbered footnotes are displayed in brackets within data cells in the Beyond 20/20 web interface. The key at the bottom of the report identifies which ISIC combination code the footnote refers to. For example, in the Industrial Statistics database, 3-digit level, revision 2 a data cell shown with (11) refers to combination code 361B . The 3-digit level, revision 2 ISIC combination codes list in the annex of the INDSTAT4 User guides (see documentation section) can be used to identify which ISIC codes make up the combination code, i.e. 361B - 361 362 369. The industries which make up this combination code can then be checked using the UN's ISIC codes revision 2 list, under Division: 36 - Manufacture of Non-Metallic Mineral Products, except Products of Petroleum and Coal, i.e. 361 - Manufacture of pottery, china and earthenware, 362 - Glass and products and 369 - Other non-metallic mineral products.

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User Documentation

The United Nations Statistics Division produce the following information:

• Economics and Social Classifications Registry (http://unstats.un.org/unsd/class/default.asp) keeps updated information on statistical classifications maintained by UNSD.
• View the complete structure of the available classifications (http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/regct.asp?Lg=1).
• See the electronic versions of complete classifications publications (typically in PDF format), http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/regdnld.asp?Lg=1.
• UNIDO produces guides which although they refer to a different data delivery interface than is available via ESDS International, are still useful as they include Data Description and definitions, Country lists, ISIC lists and ISIC combination codes - see UNIDO's INDSTAT4 2010 ISIC Rev.3 User Guide, the INDSTAT4 2009 ISIC Rev.2 User Guide and the INDSTAT2 2010 ISIC Rev.3 User Guide.

The methods used and the extent to which comparability and consistency have been achieved to date are described in the UNIDO Industrial Statistics Database - Methodological Notes (IRD/R.11) available in [pdf] format.

The UNIDO Industrial Statistics pages contain an overview of the databases and related publications.

The UNIDO Industrial Statistics hosted by ESDS International are delivered via Beyond 20/20 WDS. A worked example using Beyond 20/20 WDS with UNIDO data has been developed.

Note: You will need Adobe Acrobat Reader software to read documents in pdf format. It can be downloaded free of charge from the Adobe website.

Accessing the UNIDO Industrial Statistics Databases

To access the ESDS International macro-economic datasets you must be a user from a UK higher or further education institution. We cannot provide data to users outside of this community due to the data re-distribution license agreements we have with our data providers. If you are a member of a UK higher or further education institution access to the macro-economic datasets is provided free of charge.

Access to data requires ESDS registration and uses the federated access management authentication system. Registration is a simple online process - go to the How to Register web page at www.esds.ac.uk/aandp/access/access.asp to begin the process.

Once you have registered with ESDS and attempt to access one of the macro-economic datasets, you will automatically be prompted to agree to additional dataset specific conditions if they apply.

Countries in the UNIDO Industrial Statistics Databases

The UNIDO Industrial Statistics are presented in four separate databases, covering up to 180 countries worldwide. Refer to UNIDO's INDSTAT User Guides for full details:

• INDSTAT4 2010 ISIC Rev.3 User Guide
• INDSTAT4 2009 ISIC Rev.2 User Guide
• INDSTAT2 2010 ISIC Rev.3 User Guide
• INDSTAT3 Rev 2 (now discontinued)

Periodicity and Time Range

The UNIDO Industrial Statistics Databases contains annual time series data. The start date varies by ISIC level and ISIC Revision. Data at level 3, Revision 2 of the code starts in 1963 and ends in 2004. Data at level 4, Revision 2 of the code starts from 1981 and runs to the latest available. Data reported at Revision 3 of the code starts in 1990 and runs to the latest available. The newest database has the longest time coverage - INDSTAT2 with data reported at Revision 3 starts in 1963 to the present day.

Coverage is not complete for all years, countries and sectors in these databases.

The UNIDO Industrial Statistics Databases at ESDS International are updated annually. See the latest data update page for further information.

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