ÿþ<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN'> <html><head><title>Title Page</title><meta http-equiv='Content-Type' content='text/html; charset=iso-8859-1'><style type='text/css'>h1 { margin:0px 0px 0px 0px; padding:0px; font-size:large; font-weight:900; font-family:verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; text-align:center; color:#000; }h2 { font-size:medium; font-weight:900; font-family:verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin:10px 0px -2px 0px; padding:0px; color:#000; }h2.myclass { font-size:medium; font-weight:900; font-family:verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin:10px 0px -2px 0px; padding:0px; color:#000; text-align:center;}h3 { font-size:13px; font-weight:700; font-family:verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin:0px 0px -1px 0px; padding:0px; color:#07a; }h3.myclass { font-size:13px; font-weight:700; font-family:verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin:0px 0px -1px 0px; padding:0px; color:#07a; text-align:center;}h4 { font-size:x-large; font-family:garamond, serif; color:#09f; text-align:center; margin:0px 0px 5px 0px; padding:0px;}h5 { font-size:13px; font-family:verdana, arial,sans-serif; font-weight:600; margin:0px 0px 5px 50px; padding:0px;}i.myclass{color:#07a;}</style></head><body> <H1> Households Below Average Income, 1994/95-2009/10 </H1> <H3 class='myclass'> UKDA study number:5828</h3> <H2 class='myclass'>Principal Investigator</H2> <H3 class='myclass'> Department for Work and Pensions<br> </H3> <H2 class='myclass'>Data Collector</H2> <H3 class='myclass'>Department for Work and Pensions<br></H3> <H2 class='myclass'>Sponsor</H2> <H3 class='myclass'>Department for Work and Pensions<br></H3> <H2 class='myclass'>Distributed by</H2> <H3 class='myclass'>UK Data Archive, University of Essex, Colchester.</H3> <H3 class='myclass'> November 2011 (5th Edition) </H3> <div style='page-break-before:always'></div> <H1>&nbsp;</H1><H1>Bibliographic Citation</H1> <H5> All works which use or refer to these materials should acknowledge these sources by means of bibliographic citation. To ensure that such source attributions are captured for bibliographic indexes, citations must appear in footnotes or in the reference section of publications. The bibliographic citation for this data collection is: </h5> <H5> Department for Work and Pensions, <i> Households Below Average Income, 1994/95-2009/10</i> [computer file]. <i>5th Edition.</i> Colchester, Essex: UK Data Archive [distributor], November 2011. SN: 5828, http://dx.doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-5828-2 </h5><H1>&nbsp;</H1> <H1 >Acknowledgement</h1> <h5> Any publication, whether printed, electronic or broadcast, based wholly or in part on these materials, should acknowledge the original data creators, depositors or copyright holders, the funders of the Data Collections (if different) and the UK Data Archive, and to acknowledge Crown Copyright where appropriate. <br> Any publication, whether printed, electronic or broadcast, based wholly or in part on these materials should carry a statement that the original data creators, depositors or copyright holders, the funders of the Data Collections (if different) and the UK Data Archive bear no responsibility for their further analysis or interpretation. </h5><H5>&nbsp;</H5> <h5><b>Copyright: </b><br> Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen s Printer for Scotland </h5><H1>&nbsp;</H1> <H1>Disclaimer</H1> <h5> Although all efforts are made to ensure the quality of the materials, neither the original data creators, depositors or copyright holders, the funders of the Data Collections, nor the UK Data Archive bear any responsibility for the accuracy or comprehensiveness of these materials.<br> </h5><h5>&nbsp;</h5><h5>All rights reserved. No part of these materials may be reproduced, stored in, or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the UK Data Archive.<br><br>UK Data Archive<br> University of Essex<br> Wivenhoe Park<br> Colchester<br> Essex C04 3SQ<br> United Kingdom<br>www.data-archive.ac.uk <br><br> </h5> <h2 style='page-break-before:always'> 5828 . Households Below Average Income, 1994/95-2009/10<br> (HBAI) </h2><h3>&nbsp;</h3> <h3>Depositor:</h3> <h5>Department for Work and Pensions</h5> <h3>Principal Investigator:</h3> <h5>Department for Work and Pensions</h5> <H3>Data Collector:</H3> <H5>Department for Work and Pensions<br></H5> <H3>Sponsor:</H3><H5> Department for Work and Pensions<br> </H5> <h3> Abstract: </h3> <h5><i>Households Below Average Income, 1994/95  2009/10</i> (HBAI) uses household disposable incomes, after adjusting for the household size and composition, as a proxy for material living standards. More precisely, it is a proxy for the level of consumption of goods and services that people could attain given the disposable income of the household in which they live. In order to allow comparisons of the living standards of different types of households, income is adjusted to take into account variations in the size and composition of the households in a process known as equivalisation. A key assumption made in HBAI is that all individuals in the household benefit equally from the combined income of the household. This enables the total equivalised income of the household to be used as a proxy for the standard of living of each household member.<br> <br> The main source of data used in this study is the <i>Family Resources Survey</i> (FRS) (held at the UK Data Archive under GN 33283), which is a continuous cross-sectional survey. As the FRS does not track individuals over time, analysis of incomes is supplemented by the use of longitudinal data from the <i>British Household Panel Survey</i> (BHPS) (held at the Archive under GN 33196).<br> <br> Further information is available from the Department for Work and Pensions' <a href="http://research.dwp.gov.uk/asd/index.php?page=hbai" title = "HBAI web page">HBAI</a> web page.<br> <br> An earlier HBAI study, <i>Institute for Fiscal Studies Households Below Average Income Dataset, 1961-1991</i>, is held at the Archive under SN 3300.<br> <br> For the fifth edition (November 2011), all data files were updated and data for 2009/10 were added to the study. The documentation was also updated accordingly.<br> <br> Prospective users should note that the Department for Work and Pensions strongly recommends that anyone using 'Households Below Average Income' (HBAI) data to look at low income statistics request access to the Special Licence version of the HBAI dataset (held at the Archive under GN 33382), which contains all households and unrounded income data. This will ensure analysis is consistent with that published in the National Statistics 'Households Below Average Income' series. The End User Licence (EUL) data should only be used for teaching purpose and basic analyses. Results derived from the EUL data will differ from those published officially.<br></h5><h3>Main Topics:</h3><h5>HBAI provides information on potential living standards in the United Kingdom as determined by disposable income and allows for changes in income patterns to be analysed over time.</h5> <h3>Coverage: </h3><h5> <i class='myclass'> Time Period Covered:</i> 1994 - 2010 <br><i class='myclass'>Country: </i> United Kingdom <br><i class='myclass'>Spatial Units: </i> Government Office Regions (GORs) <br><i class='myclass'>Observation Units: </i> Individuals <br><i class='myclass'>Kind of Data: </i> Numeric data </h5> <h3>Universe Sampled: </h3><h5> <i class='myclass'>Location of Units of Observation:</i> National <br><i class='myclass'>Population:</i> Respondents of the FRS and BHPS. </h5> <h3>Methodology: </h3><h5> <i class='myclass'>Time Dimensions: </i> Time Series <br><i class='myclass'>Sampling Procedures: </i> Multi-stage stratified random sample <br><i class='myclass'>Method of Data Collection: </i> Face-to-face interview; Compilation or synthesis of existing material <br><i class='myclass'>Data Sources: </i> The HBAI time series comprises information included in the main FRS from 1994/95  2009/10, supplemented by data from the BHPS. <br><i class='myclass'>Weighting: </i> Weighting used. See documentation for details </h5><h3>Language(s) of Written Materials: </h3> <h5>Study Description: English<br>Study Documentation: English<br></h5> <h3>Access: </h3><h5> <i class='myclass'>Access Conditions: </i> The depositor has specified that registration is required and standard conditions of use apply. The depositor may be informed about usage. See <a href='http://www.esds.ac.uk/orderingdata/termsandConditions.asp'>terms and conditions</a> for further information. <br><i class='myclass'>Availability: </i> ESDS Government, UK Data Archive <br><i class='myclass'>Contact: </i></b> Help desk: govsurveys@esds.ac.uk<br> </h5> <h3>Date of First Release:</h3><h5> 19 May 2008<br></h5> <h3>Date of Latest Release: </h3><h5>02 November 2011 ( 5th Edition )</h5> <h3> Copyright: </h3> <h5>Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen s Printer for Scotland</h5> <br><br> <h3> File last updated: </h3> <h5>9 February 2012</h5> </body></html>